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From: Birkir R. Gunnarsson
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 1:29PM
Subject: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
No previous message | Next message →

I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
for designers but also for SR vendors.
http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html

From: Jennifer Sutton
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 1:49PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

This article seems to be picking up steam in circulation. I
recommend that readers keep in mind that it came out a number of
years ago like 2002 or 2003.

The article reads, in part:
"Between November 2002 and February 2003, we observed and listened to
16 blind users as they worked with Web sites using assistive devices
that read the screen to them (screen readers)."


No NVDA, no VO . . .
And hasn't the Web changed? And many new versions of screen readers
since then?

It may be useful/thought-provoking, but dates on this kind of
information/research matter, even if they are not always easy to notice.

Jennifer

At 12:29 PM 4/11/2012, you wrote:
>I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
>than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
>interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
>for designers but also for SR vendors.


>http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html
>>>

From: Birkir R. Gunnarsson
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 2:14PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

Very good point, and my bad for not picking up on it (the speed
reading aspectsof screen reading obviously used to not-so-great effect
there).
What kind of interests me,and I wonder if that has changed at all, is
the SR design and training aspects of web accessibility and web
browsing.
Jaws still says "skip to content" with emphasis on the second syllabol
(latest version of Jaws 13), so that bug has not been fixed since it
was pointed out in 2002.
In particular I wonder about the user training.
If users today do not use "h" ";" and other navigation keys that take
advantage of a well structured page (headings and landmarks
respectively for these two keys). If users are not generally aware of
"skip to" links and other features implemented to make web pages more
accessible, how useful is all the work that we are doing and the
things we are recommending to webpage designers, based on best
practices?
There is no point in having a perfectly structured page, if the user
has no idea how to take advantage of it.
Is there an on-going conversation between webpage designers, SR
developers and atrainers that work with users (I would assume TVIs in
this case) , making sure that we are all following the same practices,
in design, implmentation and training?
The reason I found this article so timely is I am fighting this very
same battle in Iceland. The new AT teacher, who is extremely smart and
someone I respect a lot, uses her own techniques to browse websites
and does not teach the standard ways of browsing with the navigation
keys, so that the users of a page I recently did a lot of work on, did
not find its accessibility much improved, if at all.
Once I sat down with a few of them and explained how they can use
headings and tables to find what they wanted instantly, then they were
somewhat impressed and more receptive to my design recommendations.
Of course I have started a discussion with the person in question, and
fortunately this situation is easy to resolve, but it makes me wonder
how we do this here, with such diverse group of users and systems and
A.T. training.
It seems to be extremely important that the end users can take
advantage of the work we are doing, especially now that we are looking
at more complex issues such as web applications and focus management,
as underlined in recent discussions on this list.
Cheers
-B

On 4/11/12, Jennifer Sutton < = EMAIL ADDRESS REMOVED = > wrote:
> This article seems to be picking up steam in circulation. I
> recommend that readers keep in mind that it came out a number of
> years ago like 2002 or 2003.
>
> The article reads, in part:
> "Between November 2002 and February 2003, we observed and listened to
> 16 blind users as they worked with Web sites using assistive devices
> that read the screen to them (screen readers)."
>
>
> No NVDA, no VO . . .
> And hasn't the Web changed? And many new versions of screen readers
> since then?
>
> It may be useful/thought-provoking, but dates on this kind of
> information/research matter, even if they are not always easy to notice.
>
> Jennifer
>
> At 12:29 PM 4/11/2012, you wrote:
>>I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
>>than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
>>interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
>>for designers but also for SR vendors.
>
>
>>http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html
>>>>>>>
> > > >

From: Tim Harshbarger
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 3:26PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interactwith webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

I won't say my experience is expansive, but I find the AT training of people to vary greatly.

My feeling is that people with disabilities probably don't have any better or worse level of training on their AT than the general population has with regards to technology. I think the big difference is that a lot of people learn how to use technology from other people--and most of the time people using AT probably don't have as great an access to peers so they can share techniques.

Most of the time, I have noticed that people using AT learn enough to do whatever they feel they need to do or desire strongly to do. They don't necessarily learn the optimal way, but just a way. If aI recall correctly, I think there is an usability research paper that refers to that as "satisficing" (satis-facing) which is the tendency of most users to learn a method of doing something and then stick with it even if there might be more efficient methods out there.

It would be great if people did learn how to use their AT better. However, I just consider it one of the issues I need to consider in design since typically it isn't one I can directly address. It definitely does add to the challenge.

I expect most of you might have run into such issues in the past. For instance, a screen reader or two has a feature that will allow them to do something but by default it is turned off. If just about everyone knows about that design feature, you might be able to design with it in mind. But if most people are not aware of it, then you could be creating a really bad design. That is part of the value of designing with standards as part of the foundation you build your UI's on.

Tim

From: Lucy Greco
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 6:42PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interactwith webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

Hello:
You bring up a vary important point. I have had the same thing happen to me. I had a site I consulted on use every accessible element I know of to make the site easy and friendly. And I would do the same thing again. But what to my dismay when I found my students did not know how to read a table or move through a form or even use headers on a web page. So I started teaching better browsing as well smile. Now I teach not only those things but I also teach place marks and land marks. And here is my wish. So in the last few versions of screen readers it is possible to move by land marks now I want the ability to move to only the main land mark or the nav or so on. I need three more keys on my quick keys.

Lucy Greco
Assistive Technology Specialist
Disabled Student's Program UC Berkeley
(510) 643-7591
http://attlc.berkeley.edu
http://webaccess.berkeley.edu

From: Barry Hill
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 11:29PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader usersinteractwith webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

Hi all

Although anecdotal, this apparent lack of knowledge of how screen reader
users might more easily navigate an accessible site does seem to support the
need for skip to links.

Also, , for a site dedicated to visual impairment in particular, would it be
judicious to have a link in the access nav keys to a help file on navigation
tips?

If so, would it be useful for it to be invisible ?

My experience of help files and tutorials on the web with such navigation is
that it's pretty overwhelming. I can teach a Jaws screen reader user to
navigate an accessible page with relatively few short cut keys. These are:
Tab; cursor keys; h; p; n; b; t; links list; html features list; and find.

My problem comes with knowing similar short cuts with other screen readers,
although I'm sure I could easily find them with a little research.

Cheers

Barry

From: Alistair Duggin
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 11:30PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

Here are a couple of more recent research papers I have found. I
could only find pdf versions so have included the abstracts here.

Do you know of any similar studies or resources ?

More than Meets the Eye: A Survey of Screen-Reader Browsing Strategies
(2009)
Abstract: Browsing the Web with screen readers can be difficult and
frustrating. Web pages often contain inaccessible content that is
expressed only visually or that can be accessed only with the
mouse. Screen-reader users must also contend with usability
challenges encountered when the reading content is designed with
built-in assumptions of how it will be accessed – generally by a
sighted person on a standard display. Far from passive consumers
of content who simply accept web content as accessible or not,
many screen-reader users are adept at developing, discovering,
and employing browsing strategies that help them overcome the
accessibility and usability problems they encounter. In this paper,
we overview the browsing strategies that we have observed
screen-reader users employ when faced with challenges, ranging
from unfamiliar web sites and complex web pages to dynamic and
automatically-refreshing content. A better understanding of
existing browsing strategies can inform the design of accessible
websites, development of new tools that make experienced users
more effective, and help overcome the initial learning curve for
users who have not yet acquired effective browsing strategies.

http://hci.cs.rochester.edu/pubs/pdfs/browsing-strategies-w4a10.pdf



Usability and Accessibility of eBay by Screen Reader (2009)
Abstract. The evolution of Information and Communication Technology and
the rapid growth of the Internet have fuelled a great diffusion of
eCommerce
websites. Usually these sites have complex layouts crowded with active
elements, and thus are difficult to navigate via screen reader.
Interactive
environments should be properly designed and delivered to everyone,
including
the blind, who usually use screen readers to interact with their
computers. In
this paper we investigate the interaction of blind users with eBay, a
popular
eCommerce website, and discuss how using the W3C Accessible Rich
Internet
Applications (WAI-ARIA) suite could improve the user experience when
navigating via screen reader.
http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/2009-A2-091.pdf



Source Order, Skip links and Structural labels (2006)
Abstract: Is page source order important to screen reader users?
Recently, the idea of
placing the informational content of a web page before the navigation
has gained some
currency. This paper reports on our research into the relevance and
importance of
page source order, skip links and structural labels for screen reader
users.
http://usability.com.au/resources/source-order.cfm


cheers,
Al

On 11 Apr 2012, at 19:49, Jennifer Sutton wrote:

> This article seems to be picking up steam in circulation. I
> recommend that readers keep in mind that it came out a number of
> years ago like 2002 or 2003.
>
> The article reads, in part:
> "Between November 2002 and February 2003, we observed and listened to
> 16 blind users as they worked with Web sites using assistive devices
> that read the screen to them (screen readers)."
>
>
> No NVDA, no VO . . .
> And hasn't the Web changed? And many new versions of screen readers
> since then?
>
> It may be useful/thought-provoking, but dates on this kind of
> information/research matter, even if they are not always easy to
> notice.
>
> Jennifer
>
> At 12:29 PM 4/11/2012, you wrote:
>> I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
>> than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
>> interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
>> for designers but also for SR vendors.
>
>
>> http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html
>> >> >> >
> > >

From: Alistair Duggin
Date: Wed, Apr 11 2012 11:31PM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

As a web developer I find such studies and advice based on user
research incredibly useful and informative.

Here are a couple more I've just found:

A Modified Google Docs UI accessible via screen reader (2011)
Abstract: Collaborative editors are simple tools that enable
people to create, share and exchange documents via
Internet, quickly enhancing learning, knowledge and
socialization. However, at present collaborative
software is designed with little attention to the needs of
differently-abled persons, such as the blind. Dynamic
user interfaces and visual features delivering meaning
may be inaccessible via screen reader, if an appropriate
design is not adopted. In this demo we show a
prototype of some modified Google Docs User
Interfaces (UIs) -- for accessing and editing a
document -- that allow full accessibility via JAWS
screen reader. An interaction with the original and
modified UIs is shown to highlight barriers and possible
solutions for their elimination.
http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/ecscw2011-def.pdf


Google News: How User-Friendly is It for the Blind? (2011)
Abstract: Being able to read text, find out information and know about
the
latest news has always been a challenge for those who cannot
access the printed version, such as the visually-impaired. The
advent of the Web has been a big step in the right direction for
blind people to obtain up-to-date information on the internet.
Many portals and Web sites offer online services for up-to-date
news. In this paper our aim is to evaluate how easy and rewarding
it is for blind people to access this. For this purpose, we are
focusing on the well-known online service provided by Google,
i.e. Google News as a case study. In order to truly benefit from
access to the information available on the Web, the page interface
must be simple and easy to use by everyone, including people
who have to use assistive technologies. In this work we analyze
not only the accessibility of the service offered by Google for its
News, but also in particular the usability when interacting via
screen reader.
http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/p241.pdf






On 12 Apr 2012, at 07:49, Alistair Duggin wrote:

> Here are a couple of more recent research papers I have found. I
> could only find pdf versions so have included the abstracts here.
>
> Do you know of any similar studies or resources ?
>
> More than Meets the Eye: A Survey of Screen-Reader Browsing Strategies
> (2009)
> Abstract: Browsing the Web with screen readers can be difficult and
> frustrating. Web pages often contain inaccessible content that is
> expressed only visually or that can be accessed only with the
> mouse. Screen-reader users must also contend with usability
> challenges encountered when the reading content is designed with
> built-in assumptions of how it will be accessed – generally by a
> sighted person on a standard display. Far from passive consumers
> of content who simply accept web content as accessible or not,
> many screen-reader users are adept at developing, discovering,
> and employing browsing strategies that help them overcome the
> accessibility and usability problems they encounter. In this paper,
> we overview the browsing strategies that we have observed
> screen-reader users employ when faced with challenges, ranging
> from unfamiliar web sites and complex web pages to dynamic and
> automatically-refreshing content. A better understanding of
> existing browsing strategies can inform the design of accessible
> websites, development of new tools that make experienced users
> more effective, and help overcome the initial learning curve for
> users who have not yet acquired effective browsing strategies.
>
> http://hci.cs.rochester.edu/pubs/pdfs/browsing-strategies-w4a10.pdf
>
>
>
> Usability and Accessibility of eBay by Screen Reader (2009)
> Abstract. The evolution of Information and Communication Technology
> and
> the rapid growth of the Internet have fuelled a great diffusion of
> eCommerce
> websites. Usually these sites have complex layouts crowded with active
> elements, and thus are difficult to navigate via screen reader.
> Interactive
> environments should be properly designed and delivered to everyone,
> including
> the blind, who usually use screen readers to interact with their
> computers. In
> this paper we investigate the interaction of blind users with eBay, a
> popular
> eCommerce website, and discuss how using the W3C Accessible Rich
> Internet
> Applications (WAI-ARIA) suite could improve the user experience when
> navigating via screen reader.
> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/2009-A2-091.pdf
>
>
>
> Source Order, Skip links and Structural labels (2006)
> Abstract: Is page source order important to screen reader users?
> Recently, the idea of
> placing the informational content of a web page before the navigation
> has gained some
> currency. This paper reports on our research into the relevance and
> importance of
> page source order, skip links and structural labels for screen reader
> users.
> http://usability.com.au/resources/source-order.cfm
>
>
> cheers,
> Al
>
> On 11 Apr 2012, at 19:49, Jennifer Sutton wrote:
>
>> This article seems to be picking up steam in circulation. I
>> recommend that readers keep in mind that it came out a number of
>> years ago like 2002 or 2003.
>>
>> The article reads, in part:
>> "Between November 2002 and February 2003, we observed and listened to
>> 16 blind users as they worked with Web sites using assistive devices
>> that read the screen to them (screen readers)."
>>
>>
>> No NVDA, no VO . . .
>> And hasn't the Web changed? And many new versions of screen readers
>> since then?
>>
>> It may be useful/thought-provoking, but dates on this kind of
>> information/research matter, even if they are not always easy to
>> notice.
>>
>> Jennifer
>>
>> At 12:29 PM 4/11/2012, you wrote:
>>> I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
>>> than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
>>> interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
>>> for designers but also for SR vendors.
>>
>>
>>> http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html
>>> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >
> > >

From: Markel Vigo
Date: Thu, Apr 12 2012 2:54AM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

Let me suggest one more from my colleagues:

Identifying Behavioral Strategies of Visually Impaired Users to Improve Access to Web Content.

Available at http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1952388.1952390

The World Wide Web is a predominantly visual media for presenting and disseminating information. As such, visually impaired users, who access content through audio interaction, are hindered as the Web is not designed with their needs in mind. To compensate for this, visually impaired users develop behavioral strategies to cope when access to the content becomes challenging. While tools exist to aid visually impaired users in accessing the Web, they tend to focus on adapting content to meet the needs of the device rather than the user. Therefore, to further improve Web access an understanding of the behavioral strategies users employ is required. To achieve this, studies of eleven visually impaired Web users were conducted. The data from these sessions were analyzed to develop a framework for identifying strategies that users may employ when they face difficulties accessing the content. Using data for twenty visually impaired users obtained from an independent study, the framework was validated and shown to be flexible and accurate enough to be applicable to multiple data sources. An analysis of the coping strategies identified from the framework revealed six abstract patterns of coping. These patterns were used as the basis for developing behavior-driven transcoding that transformed static Web documents into interactive content by allowing users to navigate between key elements of the page through a consistent set of key presses. Results obtained from a user evaluation of the transcoding support the use of behavior-driven transcoding as a mechanism for improving access to Web content when compared to existing transcoding techniques. This result allows the coping strategies framework to be used as a foundation for further understanding of the strategies visually impaired users employ on Web sites and the transformations required to allow the Web to be accessible to those users.

Regards,


Markel Vigo
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
University of Manchester (UK)
Web Ergonomics Lab - Information Management Group

PS: I check my email at 9AM and 5PM BST. If you require a faster response please include the word [fast!] in the subject line.

On Apr 12, 2012, at 9:38 AM, Alistair Duggin wrote:

> As a web developer I find such studies and advice based on user
> research incredibly useful and informative.
>
> Here are a couple more I've just found:
>
> A Modified Google Docs UI accessible via screen reader (2011)
> Abstract: Collaborative editors are simple tools that enable
> people to create, share and exchange documents via
> Internet, quickly enhancing learning, knowledge and
> socialization. However, at present collaborative
> software is designed with little attention to the needs of
> differently-abled persons, such as the blind. Dynamic
> user interfaces and visual features delivering meaning
> may be inaccessible via screen reader, if an appropriate
> design is not adopted. In this demo we show a
> prototype of some modified Google Docs User
> Interfaces (UIs) -- for accessing and editing a
> document -- that allow full accessibility via JAWS
> screen reader. An interaction with the original and
> modified UIs is shown to highlight barriers and possible
> solutions for their elimination.
> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/ecscw2011-def.pdf
>
>
> Google News: How User-Friendly is It for the Blind? (2011)
> Abstract: Being able to read text, find out information and know about
> the
> latest news has always been a challenge for those who cannot
> access the printed version, such as the visually-impaired. The
> advent of the Web has been a big step in the right direction for
> blind people to obtain up-to-date information on the internet.
> Many portals and Web sites offer online services for up-to-date
> news. In this paper our aim is to evaluate how easy and rewarding
> it is for blind people to access this. For this purpose, we are
> focusing on the well-known online service provided by Google,
> i.e. Google News as a case study. In order to truly benefit from
> access to the information available on the Web, the page interface
> must be simple and easy to use by everyone, including people
> who have to use assistive technologies. In this work we analyze
> not only the accessibility of the service offered by Google for its
> News, but also in particular the usability when interacting via
> screen reader.
> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/p241.pdf
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On 12 Apr 2012, at 07:49, Alistair Duggin wrote:
>
>> Here are a couple of more recent research papers I have found. I
>> could only find pdf versions so have included the abstracts here.
>>
>> Do you know of any similar studies or resources ?
>>
>> More than Meets the Eye: A Survey of Screen-Reader Browsing Strategies
>> (2009)
>> Abstract: Browsing the Web with screen readers can be difficult and
>> frustrating. Web pages often contain inaccessible content that is
>> expressed only visually or that can be accessed only with the
>> mouse. Screen-reader users must also contend with usability
>> challenges encountered when the reading content is designed with
>> built-in assumptions of how it will be accessed – generally by a
>> sighted person on a standard display. Far from passive consumers
>> of content who simply accept web content as accessible or not,
>> many screen-reader users are adept at developing, discovering,
>> and employing browsing strategies that help them overcome the
>> accessibility and usability problems they encounter. In this paper,
>> we overview the browsing strategies that we have observed
>> screen-reader users employ when faced with challenges, ranging
>> from unfamiliar web sites and complex web pages to dynamic and
>> automatically-refreshing content. A better understanding of
>> existing browsing strategies can inform the design of accessible
>> websites, development of new tools that make experienced users
>> more effective, and help overcome the initial learning curve for
>> users who have not yet acquired effective browsing strategies.
>>
>> http://hci.cs.rochester.edu/pubs/pdfs/browsing-strategies-w4a10.pdf
>>
>>
>>
>> Usability and Accessibility of eBay by Screen Reader (2009)
>> Abstract. The evolution of Information and Communication Technology
>> and
>> the rapid growth of the Internet have fuelled a great diffusion of
>> eCommerce
>> websites. Usually these sites have complex layouts crowded with active
>> elements, and thus are difficult to navigate via screen reader.
>> Interactive
>> environments should be properly designed and delivered to everyone,
>> including
>> the blind, who usually use screen readers to interact with their
>> computers. In
>> this paper we investigate the interaction of blind users with eBay, a
>> popular
>> eCommerce website, and discuss how using the W3C Accessible Rich
>> Internet
>> Applications (WAI-ARIA) suite could improve the user experience when
>> navigating via screen reader.
>> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/2009-A2-091.pdf
>>
>>
>>
>> Source Order, Skip links and Structural labels (2006)
>> Abstract: Is page source order important to screen reader users?
>> Recently, the idea of
>> placing the informational content of a web page before the navigation
>> has gained some
>> currency. This paper reports on our research into the relevance and
>> importance of
>> page source order, skip links and structural labels for screen reader
>> users.
>> http://usability.com.au/resources/source-order.cfm
>>
>>
>> cheers,
>> Al
>>
>> On 11 Apr 2012, at 19:49, Jennifer Sutton wrote:
>>
>>> This article seems to be picking up steam in circulation. I
>>> recommend that readers keep in mind that it came out a number of
>>> years ago like 2002 or 2003.
>>>
>>> The article reads, in part:
>>> "Between November 2002 and February 2003, we observed and listened to
>>> 16 blind users as they worked with Web sites using assistive devices
>>> that read the screen to them (screen readers)."
>>>
>>>
>>> No NVDA, no VO . . .
>>> And hasn't the Web changed? And many new versions of screen readers
>>> since then?
>>>
>>> It may be useful/thought-provoking, but dates on this kind of
>>> information/research matter, even if they are not always easy to
>>> notice.
>>>
>>> Jennifer
>>>
>>> At 12:29 PM 4/11/2012, you wrote:
>>>> I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
>>>> than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
>>>> interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
>>>> for designers but also for SR vendors.
>>>
>>>
>>>> http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html
>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>
>>> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >
> > >

From: ALISTAIR DUGGIN
Date: Thu, Apr 12 2012 4:15AM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

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From: Markel Vigo
Date: Thu, Apr 12 2012 4:26AM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
← Previous message | Next message →

Hi Alistair,

To get such paper your institution has to be registered to the ACM Digital Library or you have to be a member of the ACM. Anyhow, the paper I pointed is a summary of the SADIe project; there are a number of technical reports available in http://wel-eprints.cs.manchester.ac.uk/view/subjects/sadie.html

Specifically, the report which is central for the mentioned paper, is entitled "Coping Strategy Pattern Identification" and can be found at http://hcw-eprints.cs.manchester.ac.uk/69/

Hope this helps,

Markel Vigo
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
University of Manchester (UK)
Web Ergonomics Lab - Information Management Group

PS: I check my email at 9AM and 5PM BST. If you require a faster response please include the word [fast!] in the subject line.

On Apr 12, 2012, at 11:15 AM, ALISTAIR DUGGIN wrote:

> Thanks Markel - looks very interesting from the abstract!
> Is the any way to read a copy of this for free - or will I need to purchase a copy?
>
> Many thanks,
> Al
>
>
>
> > From: Markel Vigo < = EMAIL ADDRESS REMOVED = >
> To: WebAIM Discussion List < = EMAIL ADDRESS REMOVED = >
> Sent: Thursday, 12 April 2012, 9:54
> Subject: Re: [WebAIM] Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
>
> Let me suggest one more from my colleagues:
>
> Identifying Behavioral Strategies of Visually Impaired Users to Improve Access to Web Content.
>
> Available at http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1952388.1952390
>
> The World Wide Web is a predominantly visual media for presenting and disseminating information. As such, visually impaired users, who access content through audio interaction, are hindered as the Web is not designed with their needs in mind. To compensate for this, visually impaired users develop behavioral strategies to cope when access to the content becomes challenging. While tools exist to aid visually impaired users in accessing the Web, they tend to focus on adapting content to meet the needs of the device rather than the user. Therefore, to further improve Web access an understanding of the behavioral strategies users employ is required. To achieve this, studies of eleven visually impaired Web users were conducted. The data from these sessions were analyzed to develop a framework for identifying strategies that users may employ when they face difficulties accessing the content. Using data for twenty visually impaired users obtained from an
> independent study, the framework was validated and shown to be flexible and accurate enough to be applicable to multiple data sources. An analysis of the coping strategies identified from the framework revealed six abstract patterns of coping. These patterns were used as the basis for developing behavior-driven transcoding that transformed static Web documents into interactive content by allowing users to navigate between key elements of the page through a consistent set of key presses. Results obtained from a user evaluation of the transcoding support the use of behavior-driven transcoding as a mechanism for improving access to Web content when compared to existing transcoding techniques. This result allows the coping strategies framework to be used as a foundation for further understanding of the strategies visually impaired users employ on Web sites and the transformations required to allow the Web to be accessible to those users.
>
> Regards,
>
>
> Markel Vigo
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> University of Manchester (UK)
> Web Ergonomics Lab - Information Management Group
>
> PS: I check my email at 9AM and 5PM BST. If you require a faster response please include the word [fast!] in the subject line.
>
> On Apr 12, 2012, at 9:38 AM, Alistair Duggin wrote:
>
>> As a web developer I find such studies and advice based on user
>> research incredibly useful and informative.
>>
>> Here are a couple more I've just found:
>>
>> A Modified Google Docs UI accessible via screen reader (2011)
>> Abstract: Collaborative editors are simple tools that enable
>> people to create, share and exchange documents via
>> Internet, quickly enhancing learning, knowledge and
>> socialization. However, at present collaborative
>> software is designed with little attention to the needs of
>> differently-abled persons, such as the blind. Dynamic
>> user interfaces and visual features delivering meaning
>> may be inaccessible via screen reader, if an appropriate
>> design is not adopted. In this demo we show a
>> prototype of some modified Google Docs User
>> Interfaces (UIs) -- for accessing and editing a
>> document -- that allow full accessibility via JAWS
>> screen reader. An interaction with the original and
>> modified UIs is shown to highlight barriers and possible
>> solutions for their elimination.
>> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/ecscw2011-def.pdf
>>
>>
>> Google News: How User-Friendly is It for the Blind? (2011)
>> Abstract: Being able to read text, find out information and know about
>> the
>> latest news has always been a challenge for those who cannot
>> access the printed version, such as the visually-impaired. The
>> advent of the Web has been a big step in the right direction for
>> blind people to obtain up-to-date information on the internet.
>> Many portals and Web sites offer online services for up-to-date
>> news. In this paper our aim is to evaluate how easy and rewarding
>> it is for blind people to access this. For this purpose, we are
>> focusing on the well-known online service provided by Google,
>> i.e. Google News as a case study. In order to truly benefit from
>> access to the information available on the Web, the page interface
>> must be simple and easy to use by everyone, including people
>> who have to use assistive technologies. In this work we analyze
>> not only the accessibility of the service offered by Google for its
>> News, but also in particular the usability when interacting via
>> screen reader.
>> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/p241.pdf
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On 12 Apr 2012, at 07:49, Alistair Duggin wrote:
>>
>>> Here are a couple of more recent research papers I have found. I
>>> could only find pdf versions so have included the abstracts here.
>>>
>>> Do you know of any similar studies or resources ?
>>>
>>> More than Meets the Eye: A Survey of Screen-Reader Browsing Strategies
>>> (2009)
>>> Abstract: Browsing the Web with screen readers can be difficult and
>>> frustrating. Web pages often contain inaccessible content that is
>>> expressed only visually or that can be accessed only with the
>>> mouse. Screen-reader users must also contend with usability
>>> challenges encountered when the reading content is designed with
>>> built-in assumptions of how it will be accessed – generally by a
>>> sighted person on a standard display. Far from passive consumers
>>> of content who simply accept web content as accessible or not,
>>> many screen-reader users are adept at developing, discovering,
>>> and employing browsing strategies that help them overcome the
>>> accessibility and usability problems they encounter. In this paper,
>>> we overview the browsing strategies that we have observed
>>> screen-reader users employ when faced with challenges, ranging
>>> from unfamiliar web sites and complex web pages to dynamic and
>>> automatically-refreshing content. A better understanding of
>>> existing browsing strategies can inform the design of accessible
>>> websites, development of new tools that make experienced users
>>> more effective, and help overcome the initial learning curve for
>>> users who have not yet acquired effective browsing strategies.
>>>
>>> http://hci.cs.rochester.edu/pubs/pdfs/browsing-strategies-w4a10.pdf
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Usability and Accessibility of eBay by Screen Reader (2009)
>>> Abstract. The evolution of Information and Communication Technology
>>> and
>>> the rapid growth of the Internet have fuelled a great diffusion of
>>> eCommerce
>>> websites. Usually these sites have complex layouts crowded with active
>>> elements, and thus are difficult to navigate via screen reader.
>>> Interactive
>>> environments should be properly designed and delivered to everyone,
>>> including
>>> the blind, who usually use screen readers to interact with their
>>> computers. In
>>> this paper we investigate the interaction of blind users with eBay, a
>>> popular
>>> eCommerce website, and discuss how using the W3C Accessible Rich
>>> Internet
>>> Applications (WAI-ARIA) suite could improve the user experience when
>>> navigating via screen reader.
>>> http://giove.isti.cnr.it/attachments/publications/2009-A2-091.pdf
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Source Order, Skip links and Structural labels (2006)
>>> Abstract: Is page source order important to screen reader users?
>>> Recently, the idea of
>>> placing the informational content of a web page before the navigation
>>> has gained some
>>> currency. This paper reports on our research into the relevance and
>>> importance of
>>> page source order, skip links and structural labels for screen reader
>>> users.
>>> http://usability.com.au/resources/source-order.cfm
>>>
>>>
>>> cheers,
>>> Al
>>>
>>> On 11 Apr 2012, at 19:49, Jennifer Sutton wrote:
>>>
>>>> This article seems to be picking up steam in circulation. I
>>>> recommend that readers keep in mind that it came out a number of
>>>> years ago like 2002 or 2003.
>>>>
>>>> The article reads, in part:
>>>> "Between November 2002 and February 2003, we observed and listened to
>>>> 16 blind users as they worked with Web sites using assistive devices
>>>> that read the screen to them (screen readers)."
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> No NVDA, no VO . . .
>>>> And hasn't the Web changed? And many new versions of screen readers
>>>> since then?
>>>>
>>>> It may be useful/thought-provoking, but dates on this kind of
>>>> information/research matter, even if they are not always easy to
>>>> notice.
>>>>
>>>> Jennifer
>>>>
>>>> At 12:29 PM 4/11/2012, you wrote:
>>>>> I generally only use Twitter to distribute this kind of info, rather
>>>>> than overload the list, but I find this article and study very
>>>>> interesting, especially in that it provides tips and ideas not just
>>>>> for designers but also for SR vendors.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> http://www.redish.net/content/papers/interactions.html
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>
>>> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >
> > > > > >

From: ALISTAIR DUGGIN
Date: Thu, Apr 12 2012 6:58AM
Subject: Re: Excellent paper on how screen reader users interact with webpages
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